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                <h2 id="一、SpringMVC简介"><a href="#一、SpringMVC简介" class="headerlink" title="一、SpringMVC简介"></a>一、SpringMVC简介</h2><h3 id="1-SpringMVC概述"><a href="#1-SpringMVC概述" class="headerlink" title="1 SpringMVC概述"></a>1 SpringMVC概述</h3><h4 id="问题导入"><a href="#问题导入" class="headerlink" title="问题导入"></a>问题导入</h4><p>SpringMVC框架有什么优点？</p>
<h4 id="1-1-SpringMVC概述"><a href="#1-1-SpringMVC概述" class="headerlink" title="1.1 SpringMVC概述"></a>1.1 SpringMVC概述</h4><ol>
<li>SpringMVC是一种基于Java实现MVC模型的轻量级（易于进行配置,易于通用,启动时间较短）Web框架</li>
<li>优点<ol>
<li>使用简单，开发便捷（相比于Servlet）</li>
<li>灵活性强</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210804185234370.png" alt="image-20210804185234370"></p>
<h3 id="2-入门案例【重点】"><a href="#2-入门案例【重点】" class="headerlink" title="2 入门案例【重点】"></a>2 入门案例【重点】</h3><h4 id="问题导入-1"><a href="#问题导入-1" class="headerlink" title="问题导入"></a>问题导入</h4><p>在Controller中如何定义访问路径，如何响应数据？</p>
<h4 id="2-1-实现步骤"><a href="#2-1-实现步骤" class="headerlink" title="2.1 实现步骤"></a>2.1 实现步骤</h4><pre><code>1 创建web工程（Maven结构）
2 设置tomcat服务器，加载web工程(tomcat插件）
3 导入坐标（SpringMVC+Servlet）
4 定义处理请求的功能类（UserController）
5 编写SpringMVC配置类，加载处理请求的Bean。
6 加载SpringMVC配置，并设置SpringMVC请求拦截的路径
</code></pre>
<h4 id="2-2-代码实现"><a href="#2-2-代码实现" class="headerlink" title="2.2 代码实现"></a>2.2 代码实现</h4><h5 id="【第一步】创建web工程（Maven结构）"><a href="#【第一步】创建web工程（Maven结构）" class="headerlink" title="【第一步】创建web工程（Maven结构）"></a>【第一步】创建web工程（Maven结构）</h5><h5 id="【第二步】设置tomcat服务器，加载web工程-tomcat插件）"><a href="#【第二步】设置tomcat服务器，加载web工程-tomcat插件）" class="headerlink" title="【第二步】设置tomcat服务器，加载web工程(tomcat插件）"></a>【第二步】设置tomcat服务器，加载web工程(tomcat插件）</h5><pre class=" language-xml"><code class="language-xml"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>build</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>plugins</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>plugin</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>org.apache.tomcat.maven<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>tomcat7-maven-plugin<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>2.1<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>configuration</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
                <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>port</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>80<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>port</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
                <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>path</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>/<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>path</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>configuration</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>plugin</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>plugins</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>build</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</code></pre>
<h5 id="【第三步】导入坐标（SpringMVC-Servlet）"><a href="#【第三步】导入坐标（SpringMVC-Servlet）" class="headerlink" title="【第三步】导入坐标（SpringMVC+Servlet）"></a>【第三步】导入坐标（SpringMVC+Servlet）</h5><pre class=" language-xml"><code class="language-xml"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>javax.servlet<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>javax.servlet-api<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>3.1.0<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>scope</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>provided<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>scope</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>org.springframework<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>spring-webmvc<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>5.2.10.RELEASE<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>注意事项：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>课程版本基于Spring主版本5.2.10.RELEASE制作</li>
<li>导入spring-webmvc坐标自动依赖spring相关坐标</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="【第四步】定义处理请求的功能类（UserController）"><a href="#【第四步】定义处理请求的功能类（UserController）" class="headerlink" title="【第四步】定义处理请求的功能类（UserController）"></a>【第四步】定义处理请求的功能类（UserController）</h5><pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//定义表现层控制器bean</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Controller</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">UserController</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//设置映射路径为/save，即外部访问路径</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/save"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//设置当前操作返回结果为指定json数据（本质上是一个字符串信息）</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">save</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user save ..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'info':'springmvc'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>==注意事项：==</strong></p>
<p>对于SpringMVC而言，Controller方法返回值默认表示要跳转的页面，没有对应的页面就会报错。如果不想跳转页面而是响应数据，那么就需要在方法上使用@ResponseBody注解。</p>
<h5 id="【第五步】编写SpringMVC配置类，加载处理请求的Bean。"><a href="#【第五步】编写SpringMVC配置类，加载处理请求的Bean。" class="headerlink" title="【第五步】编写SpringMVC配置类，加载处理请求的Bean。"></a>【第五步】编写SpringMVC配置类，加载处理请求的Bean。</h5><pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//springmvc配置类，本质上还是一个spring配置类</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Configuration</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ComponentScan</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"com.offcn.controller"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">SpringMvcConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h5 id="【第六步】加载SpringMVC配置，并设置SpringMVC请求拦截的路径"><a href="#【第六步】加载SpringMVC配置，并设置SpringMVC请求拦截的路径" class="headerlink" title="【第六步】加载SpringMVC配置，并设置SpringMVC请求拦截的路径"></a>【第六步】加载SpringMVC配置，并设置SpringMVC请求拦截的路径</h5><pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//web容器配置类</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ServletContainersInitConfig</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//加载springmvc配置类，产生springmvc容器（本质还是spring容器）</span>
    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> WebApplicationContext <span class="token function">createServletApplicationContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//初始化WebApplicationContext对象</span>
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//加载指定配置类</span>
        ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">register</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>SpringMvcConfig<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//设置由springmvc控制器处理的请求映射路径</span>
    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">getServletMappings</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//加载spring配置类</span>
    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> WebApplicationContext <span class="token function">createRootApplicationContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> null<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h4 id="2-3-运行结果"><a href="#2-3-运行结果" class="headerlink" title="2.3 运行结果"></a>2.3 运行结果</h4><p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210804191218260.png" alt="image-20210804191218260"></p>
<h4 id="2-4-案例注解和类解析"><a href="#2-4-案例注解和类解析" class="headerlink" title="2.4 案例注解和类解析"></a>2.4 案例注解和类解析</h4><h5 id="2-4-1-Controller注解"><a href="#2-4-1-Controller注解" class="headerlink" title="2.4.1 @Controller注解"></a>2.4.1 @Controller注解</h5><ul>
<li>名称：@Controller</li>
<li>类型：类注解</li>
<li>位置：SpringMVC控制器类定义上方</li>
<li>作用：设定SpringMVC的核心控制器bean</li>
<li>范例</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Controller</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">UserController</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h5 id="2-4-2-RequestMapping注解"><a href="#2-4-2-RequestMapping注解" class="headerlink" title="2.4.2 @RequestMapping注解"></a>2.4.2 @RequestMapping注解</h5><ul>
<li>名称：@RequestMapping</li>
<li>类型：方法注解</li>
<li>位置：SpringMVC控制器方法定义上方</li>
<li>作用：设置当前控制器方法请求访问路径</li>
<li>范例</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/save"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">save</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user save ..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：其实@RequestMapping注解还可以写到类上面，笔记后面会介绍到。</p>
</blockquote>
<h5 id="2-4-3-ResponseBody注解"><a href="#2-4-3-ResponseBody注解" class="headerlink" title="2.4.3 @ResponseBody注解"></a>2.4.3 @ResponseBody注解</h5><ul>
<li>名称：@ResponseBody</li>
<li>类型：方法注解</li>
<li>位置：SpringMVC控制器方法定义上方</li>
<li>作用：设置当前控制器方法响应内容为当前返回值，无需解析</li>
<li>范例</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/save"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">save</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user save ..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'info':'springmvc'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h5 id="2-4-4-AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer类"><a href="#2-4-4-AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer类" class="headerlink" title="2.4.4 AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer类"></a>2.4.4 AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer类</h5><ul>
<li><p>AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer类是SpringMVC提供的快速初始化Web3.0容器的抽象类</p>
</li>
<li><p>AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer提供三个接口方法供用户实现</p>
<ul>
<li>createServletApplicationContext()方法，创建Servlet容器时，加载SpringMVC对应的bean并放入WebApplicationContext对象范围中，而WebApplicationContext的作用范围为ServletContext范围，即整个web容器范围。</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//加载springmvc配置类，产生springmvc容器（本质还是spring容器）</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> WebApplicationContext <span class="token function">createServletApplicationContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">register</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>SpringMvcConfig<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>getServletMappings()方法，设定SpringMVC对应的请求映射路径，设置为/表示拦截所有请求，任意请求都将转入到SpringMVC进行处理。</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//设置由springmvc控制器处理的请求映射路径</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">getServletMappings</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>createRootApplicationContext()方法，如果创建Servlet容器时需要加载非SpringMVC对应的bean，使用当前方法进行，使用方式同createServletApplicationContext()</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//加载spring配置类</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> WebApplicationContext <span class="token function">createRootApplicationContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> null<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="2-5-入门程序开发总结-1-N"><a href="#2-5-入门程序开发总结-1-N" class="headerlink" title="2.5 入门程序开发总结(1+N)"></a>2.5 入门程序开发总结(1+N)</h4><ul>
<li>一次性工作<ul>
<li>创建工程，设置服务器，加载工程</li>
<li>导入坐标</li>
<li>创建web容器启动类，加载SpringMVC配置，并设置SpringMVC请求拦截路径</li>
<li>SpringMVC核心配置类（设置配置类，扫描controller包，加载Controller控制器bean）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>多次工作<ul>
<li>定义处理请求的控制器类</li>
<li>定义处理请求的控制器方法，并配置映射路径（@RequestMapping）与返回json数据（@ResponseBody）</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-入门案例工作流程分析【理解】"><a href="#3-入门案例工作流程分析【理解】" class="headerlink" title="3 入门案例工作流程分析【理解】"></a>3 入门案例工作流程分析【理解】</h3><h4 id="3-1-启动服务器初始化过程"><a href="#3-1-启动服务器初始化过程" class="headerlink" title="3.1 启动服务器初始化过程"></a>3.1 启动服务器初始化过程</h4><ol>
<li>服务器启动，执行ServletContainersInitConfig类，初始化web容器</li>
<li>执行createServletApplicationContext方法，创建了WebApplicationContext对象</li>
<li>加载SpringMvcConfig配置类</li>
<li>执行@ComponentScan加载对应的bean</li>
<li>加载UserController，每个@RequestMapping的名称对应一个具体的方法</li>
<li>执行getServletMappings方法，定义所有的请求都通过SpringMVC</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210804193122709.png" alt="image-20210804193122709"></p>
<h4 id="3-2-单次请求过程"><a href="#3-2-单次请求过程" class="headerlink" title="3.2 单次请求过程"></a>3.2 单次请求过程</h4><ol>
<li>发送请求localhost/save</li>
<li>web容器发现所有请求都经过SpringMVC，将请求交给SpringMVC处理</li>
<li>解析请求路径/save</li>
<li>由/save匹配执行对应的方法save(）</li>
<li>执行save()</li>
<li>检测到有@ResponseBody直接将save()方法的返回值作为响应求体返回给请求方</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210804193327981.png" alt="image-20210804193327981"></p>
<h3 id="4-PostMan【掌握】"><a href="#4-PostMan【掌握】" class="headerlink" title="4 PostMan【掌握】"></a>4 PostMan【掌握】</h3><h4 id="5-1-PostMan介绍"><a href="#5-1-PostMan介绍" class="headerlink" title="5.1 PostMan介绍"></a>5.1 PostMan介绍</h4><ul>
<li>Postman是一款功能强大的网页调试与发送网页HTTP请求的Chrome插件。<img src="assets/image-20210804194708518.png" alt="image-20210804194708518" style="zoom:25%;"></li>
<li>作用：常用于进行接口测试</li>
<li>特征<ul>
<li>简单</li>
<li>实用</li>
<li>美观</li>
<li>大方</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="5-2-PostMan安装"><a href="#5-2-PostMan安装" class="headerlink" title="5.2 PostMan安装"></a>5.2 PostMan安装</h4><blockquote>
<p>双击资料中的“Postman-win64-8.3.1-Setup.exe”即可自动按照，打开之后需要注册，如果底部有如下链接，可以点击跳过注册</p>
</blockquote>
<img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210804194952058.png" alt="image-20210804194952058">

<h4 id="5-3-PostMan的使用"><a href="#5-3-PostMan的使用" class="headerlink" title="5.3 PostMan的使用"></a>5.3 PostMan的使用</h4><h5 id="5-3-1-创建WorkSpace工作空间"><a href="#5-3-1-创建WorkSpace工作空间" class="headerlink" title="5.3.1 创建WorkSpace工作空间"></a>5.3.1 创建WorkSpace工作空间</h5><p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805150044862.png" alt="image-20210805150044862"></p>
<h5 id="5-3-2-发送请求获取json数据"><a href="#5-3-2-发送请求获取json数据" class="headerlink" title="5.3.2 发送请求获取json数据"></a>5.3.2 发送请求获取json数据</h5><p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805150206831.png" alt="image-20210805150206831"></p>
<h5 id="5-3-3-保存当前请求"><a href="#5-3-3-保存当前请求" class="headerlink" title="5.3.3 保存当前请求"></a>5.3.3 保存当前请求</h5><p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805150417692.png" alt="image-20210805150417692"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：第一次请求需要创建一个新的目录，后面就不需要创建新目录，直接保存到已经创建好的目录即可。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="二、请求与响应"><a href="#二、请求与响应" class="headerlink" title="二、请求与响应"></a>二、请求与响应</h2><h3 id="1-请求映射路径【重点】"><a href="#1-请求映射路径【重点】" class="headerlink" title="1 请求映射路径【重点】"></a>1 请求映射路径【重点】</h3><h4 id="问题导入-2"><a href="#问题导入-2" class="headerlink" title="问题导入"></a>问题导入</h4><p>@RequestMapping注解可以写在哪？有什么作用？</p>
<h4 id="1-1-RequestMapping注解"><a href="#1-1-RequestMapping注解" class="headerlink" title="1.1 @RequestMapping注解"></a>1.1 @RequestMapping注解</h4><ul>
<li>名称：@RequestMapping</li>
<li>类型：==方法注解  类注解==</li>
<li>位置：SpringMVC控制器方法定义上方</li>
<li>作用：设置当前控制器方法请求访问路径，如果设置在类上统一设置当前控制器方法请求访问路径前缀</li>
<li>范例</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Controller</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//类上方配置的请求映射与方法上面配置的请求映射连接在一起，形成完整的请求映射路径</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/user"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">UserController</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//请求路径映射</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/save"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//此时save方法的访问路径是：/user/save</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">save</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user save ..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'user save'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="2-请求参数"><a href="#2-请求参数" class="headerlink" title="2 请求参数"></a>2 请求参数</h3><h4 id="2-1-发送普通类型参数【重点】"><a href="#2-1-发送普通类型参数【重点】" class="headerlink" title="2.1 发送普通类型参数【重点】"></a>2.1 发送普通类型参数【重点】</h4><h5 id="问题导入-3"><a href="#问题导入-3" class="headerlink" title="问题导入"></a>问题导入</h5><p>如何解决POST请求中文乱码问题？</p>
<h5 id="2-1-1-请求方式"><a href="#2-1-1-请求方式" class="headerlink" title="2.1.1 请求方式"></a>2.1.1 请求方式</h5><ul>
<li>GET请求</li>
<li>POST请求</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="2-1-2-GET请求传递普通参数"><a href="#2-1-2-GET请求传递普通参数" class="headerlink" title="2.1.2 GET请求传递普通参数"></a>2.1.2 GET请求传递普通参数</h5><ul>
<li>普通参数：url地址传参，地址参数名与形参变量名相同，定义形参即可接收参数</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805102858905.png" alt="image-20210805102858905"></p>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//普通参数：请求参数与形参名称对应即可完成参数传递</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/commonParam"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">commonParam</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name <span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"普通参数传递 name ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"普通参数传递 age ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span>age<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'common param'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>问题：如果同学们传递的参数是中文试试，你们会发现接收到的参数出现了中文乱码问题。</li>
<li>原因：tomcat 8.5版本之后GET请求就不再出现中文乱码问题，但是我们使用的是tomcat7插件，所以会出现GET请求中文乱码问题。</li>
<li>解决：在pom.xml添加tomcat7插件处配置UTF-8字符集，解决GET请求中文乱码问题。</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-xml"><code class="language-xml"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>build</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>plugins</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>plugin</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>org.apache.tomcat.maven<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>tomcat7-maven-plugin<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>2.1<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>configuration</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
          <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>port</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>80<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>port</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">&lt;!--tomcat端口号--></span>
          <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>path</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>/<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>path</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">&lt;!--虚拟目录--></span>
          <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>uriEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>UTF-8<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>uriEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">&lt;!--访问路径编解码字符集--></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>configuration</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>plugin</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>plugins</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>build</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</code></pre>
<h5 id="2-1-3-POST请求传递普通参数"><a href="#2-1-3-POST请求传递普通参数" class="headerlink" title="2.1.3 POST请求传递普通参数"></a>2.1.3 POST请求传递普通参数</h5><ul>
<li>普通参数：form表单post请求传参，表单参数名与形参变量名相同，定义形参即可接收参数</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805103041922.png" alt="image-20210805103041922"></p>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//普通参数：请求参数与形参名称对应即可完成参数传递</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/commonParam"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">commonParam</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name <span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"普通参数传递 name ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"普通参数传递 age ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span>age<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'common param'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>问题：我们发现，POST请求传递的参数如果包含中文那么就会出现中文乱码问题，说明我们之前配置的tomcat插件uri路径编解码字符集无法解决POST请求中文乱码问题。那么如何解决呢？</p>
<h5 id="2-1-4-POST请求中文乱码处理"><a href="#2-1-4-POST请求中文乱码处理" class="headerlink" title="2.1.4 POST请求中文乱码处理"></a>2.1.4 POST请求中文乱码处理</h5><blockquote>
<p>在加载SpringMVC配置的配置类中指定字符过滤器。</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ServletContainersInitConfig</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> Class<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">getRootConfigClasses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Class</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> Class<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">getServletConfigClasses</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Class</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>SpringMvcConfig<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">getServletMappings</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//乱码处理</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">protected</span> Filter<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">getServletFilters</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">CharacterEncodingFilter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        filter<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"UTF-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Filter</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>filter<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h4 id="2-2-五种类型参数传递"><a href="#2-2-五种类型参数传递" class="headerlink" title="2.2 五种类型参数传递"></a>2.2 五种类型参数传递</h4><h5 id="问题导入-4"><a href="#问题导入-4" class="headerlink" title="问题导入"></a>问题导入</h5><p>当请求参数名与形参变量名不同，该如何接收请求参数？</p>
<h5 id="2-2-1-五种类型参数介绍"><a href="#2-2-1-五种类型参数介绍" class="headerlink" title="2.2.1 五种类型参数介绍"></a>2.2.1 五种类型参数介绍</h5><ul>
<li>普通参数</li>
<li>POJO类型参数</li>
<li>嵌套POJO类型参数</li>
<li>数组类型参数 </li>
<li>集合类型参数</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="2-2-2-普通参数【重点】"><a href="#2-2-2-普通参数【重点】" class="headerlink" title="2.2.2 普通参数【重点】"></a>2.2.2 普通参数【重点】</h5><ul>
<li>普通参数：当请求参数名与形参变量名不同，使用@RequestParam绑定参数关系</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805104824258.png" alt="image-20210805104824258"></p>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//普通参数：请求参数名与形参名不同时，使用@RequestParam注解关联请求参数名称与形参名称之间的关系</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/commonParamDifferentName"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">commonParamDifferentName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestParam</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"name"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> String userName <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"普通参数传递 userName ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span>userName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"普通参数传递 age ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span>age<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'common param different name'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>名称：@RequestParam</li>
<li>类型：形参注解</li>
<li>位置：SpringMVC控制器方法形参定义前面</li>
<li>作用：绑定请求参数与处理器方法形参间的关系</li>
<li>参数：<ul>
<li>required：是否为必传参数</li>
<li>defaultValue：参数默认值</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="2-2-3-POJO类型参数【重点】"><a href="#2-2-3-POJO类型参数【重点】" class="headerlink" title="2.2.3 POJO类型参数【重点】"></a>2.2.3 POJO类型参数【重点】</h5><ul>
<li>POJO参数：请求参数名与形参对象属性名相同，定义POJO类型形参即可接收参数</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805105056731.png" alt="image-20210805105056731"></p>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">User</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> String name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//同学们自己添加getter/setter/toString()方法</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//POJO参数：请求参数与形参对象中的属性对应即可完成参数传递</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/pojoParam"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">pojoParam</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>User user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"pojo参数传递 user ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span>user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'pojo param'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>==注意事项：请求参数key的名称要和POJO中属性的名称一致，否则无法封装。==</strong></p>
<h5 id="2-2-4-嵌套POJO类型参数"><a href="#2-2-4-嵌套POJO类型参数" class="headerlink" title="2.2.4 嵌套POJO类型参数"></a>2.2.4 嵌套POJO类型参数</h5><ul>
<li>POJO对象中包含POJO对象</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">User</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> String name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> Address address<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//同学们自己添加getter/setter/toString()方法</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Address</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> String province<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> String city<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> Address address<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>嵌套POJO参数：请求参数名与形参对象属性名相同，按照对象层次结构关系即可接收嵌套POJO属性参数</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805105505625.png" alt="image-20210805105505625"></p>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//嵌套POJO参数：嵌套属性按照层次结构设定名称即可完成参数传递</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/pojoContainPojoParam"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">pojoContainPojoParam</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>User user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"pojo嵌套pojo参数传递 user ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span>user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'pojo contain pojo param'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>==注意事项：请求参数key的名称要和POJO中属性的名称一致，否则无法封装。==</strong></p>
<h5 id="2-2-5-数组类型参数"><a href="#2-2-5-数组类型参数" class="headerlink" title="2.2.5 数组类型参数"></a>2.2.5 数组类型参数</h5><ul>
<li>数组参数：请求参数名与形参对象属性名相同且请求参数为多个，定义数组类型即可接收参数</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805105825688.png" alt="image-20210805105825688"></p>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//数组参数：同名请求参数可以直接映射到对应名称的形参数组对象中</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/arrayParam"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">arrayParam</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> likes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"数组参数传递 likes ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>likes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'array param'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h5 id="2-2-6-集合类型参数"><a href="#2-2-6-集合类型参数" class="headerlink" title="2.2.6 集合类型参数"></a>2.2.6 集合类型参数</h5><ul>
<li>集合保存普通参数：请求参数名与形参集合对象名相同且请求参数为多个，@RequestParam绑定参数关系</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805105957957.png" alt="image-20210805105957957"></p>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//集合参数：同名请求参数可以使用@RequestParam注解映射到对应名称的集合对象中作为数据</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/listParam"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">listParam</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestParam</span> List<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>String<span class="token operator">></span> likes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"集合参数传递 likes ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span> likes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'list param'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h4 id="2-3-json数据参数传递"><a href="#2-3-json数据参数传递" class="headerlink" title="2.3 json数据参数传递"></a>2.3 json数据参数传递</h4><h5 id="问题导入-5"><a href="#问题导入-5" class="headerlink" title="问题导入"></a>问题导入</h5><p>问题：@EnableWebMvc注解和@ResponseBody注解有什么用？</p>
<h5 id="2-3-1-json数据参数介绍"><a href="#2-3-1-json数据参数介绍" class="headerlink" title="2.3.1 json数据参数介绍"></a>2.3.1 json数据参数介绍</h5><ul>
<li>json普通数组（[“”,””,””,…]）</li>
<li>json对象（{key:value,key:value,…}）</li>
<li>json对象数组（[{key:value,…},{key:value,…}]）</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="2-3-2-传递json普通数组"><a href="#2-3-2-传递json普通数组" class="headerlink" title="2.3.2 传递json普通数组"></a>2.3.2 传递json普通数组</h5><h6 id="2-3-2-1-代码演示"><a href="#2-3-2-1-代码演示" class="headerlink" title="2.3.2.1 代码演示"></a>2.3.2.1 代码演示</h6><ol>
<li>添加json数据转换相关坐标</li>
</ol>
<pre class=" language-xml"><code class="language-xml"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>com.fasterxml.jackson.core<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>jackson-databind<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>2.9.0<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</code></pre>
<ol start="2">
<li>设置发送json数据（请求body中添加json数据）</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220627185929708.png" alt="image-20220627185929708"></p>
<ol start="3">
<li>开启自动转换json数据的支持</li>
</ol>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Configuration</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ComponentScan</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"com.offcn.controller"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//开启json数据类型自动转换</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@EnableWebMvc</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">SpringMvcConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>注意事项：</strong></p>
<p>@EnableWebMvc注解功能强大，该注解整合了多个功能，此处仅使用其中一部分功能，即json数据进行自动类型转换</p>
<ol start="4">
<li>在Controller中编写方法接收json参数</li>
</ol>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//集合参数：json格式</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//1.开启json数据格式的自动转换，在配置类中开启@EnableWebMvc</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//2.使用@RequestBody注解将外部传递的json数组数据映射到形参的集合对象中作为数据</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/listParamForJson"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">listParamForJson</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestBody</span> List<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>String<span class="token operator">></span> likes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"list common(json)参数传递 list ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span>likes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'list common for json param'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h6 id="2-3-2-2-EnableWebMvc注解介绍"><a href="#2-3-2-2-EnableWebMvc注解介绍" class="headerlink" title="2.3.2.2 @EnableWebMvc注解介绍"></a>2.3.2.2 @EnableWebMvc注解介绍</h6><ul>
<li>名称：@EnableWebMvc</li>
<li>类型：==配置类注解==</li>
<li>位置：SpringMVC配置类定义上方</li>
<li>作用：开启SpringMVC多项辅助功能</li>
<li>范例：</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Configuration</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ComponentScan</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"com.offcn.controller"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@EnableWebMvc</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">SpringMvcConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h6 id="2-3-2-3-RequestBody注解介绍"><a href="#2-3-2-3-RequestBody注解介绍" class="headerlink" title="2.3.2.3 @RequestBody注解介绍"></a>2.3.2.3 @RequestBody注解介绍</h6><ul>
<li>名称：@RequestBody</li>
<li>类型：==形参注解==</li>
<li>位置：SpringMVC控制器方法形参定义前面</li>
<li>作用：将请求中请求体所包含的数据传递给请求参数</li>
<li>范例：</li>
</ul>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/listParamForJson"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">listParamForJson</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestBody</span> List<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>String<span class="token operator">></span> likes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"list common(json)参数传递 list ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span>likes<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'list common for json param'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> 
</code></pre>
<h5 id="2-3-3-传递json对象"><a href="#2-3-3-传递json对象" class="headerlink" title="2.3.3 传递json对象"></a>2.3.3 传递json对象</h5><ul>
<li>POJO参数：json数据与形参对象属性名相同，定义POJO类型形参即可接收参数</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805111544701.png" alt="image-20210805111544701"></p>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//POJO参数：json格式</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//1.开启json数据格式的自动转换，在配置类中开启@EnableWebMvc</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//2.使用@RequestBody注解将外部传递的json数据映射到形参的实体类对象中，要求属性名称一一对应</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/pojoParamForJson"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">pojoParamForJson</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestBody</span> User user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"pojo(json)参数传递 user ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span>user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'pojo for json param'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h5 id="2-3-4-传递json对象数组"><a href="#2-3-4-传递json对象数组" class="headerlink" title="2.3.4 传递json对象数组"></a>2.3.4 传递json对象数组</h5><ul>
<li>POJO集合参数：json数组数据与集合泛型属性名相同，定义List类型形参即可接收参数</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805111626095.png" alt="image-20210805111626095"></p>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//集合参数：json格式</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//1.开启json数据格式的自动转换，在配置类中开启@EnableWebMvc</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//2.使用@RequestBody注解将外部传递的json数组数据映射到形参的保存实体类对象的集合对象中，要求属性名称一一对应</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/listPojoParamForJson"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">listPojoParamForJson</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestBody</span> List<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>User<span class="token operator">></span> list<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"list pojo(json)参数传递 list ==> "</span><span class="token operator">+</span>list<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'list pojo for json param'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h5 id="2-3-5-RequestBody与-RequestParam区别"><a href="#2-3-5-RequestBody与-RequestParam区别" class="headerlink" title="2.3.5 @RequestBody与@RequestParam区别"></a>2.3.5 @RequestBody与@RequestParam区别</h5><ul>
<li>区别<br>@RequestParam用于接收url地址传参，表单传参【application/x-www-form-urlencoded】<br>@RequestBody用于接收json数据【application/json】</li>
<li>应用<br>后期开发中，发送json格式数据为主，@RequestBody应用较广<br>如果发送非json格式数据，选用@RequestParam接收请求参数</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-响应"><a href="#3-响应" class="headerlink" title="3 响应"></a>3 响应</h3><h4 id="问题导入-6"><a href="#问题导入-6" class="headerlink" title="问题导入"></a>问题导入</h4><p>如何响应json数据？</p>
<h4 id="4-1响应页面【了解】"><a href="#4-1响应页面【了解】" class="headerlink" title="4.1响应页面【了解】"></a>4.1响应页面【了解】</h4><pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Controller</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">UserController</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//响应页面/跳转页面</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//返回值为String类型，设置返回值为页面名称，即可实现页面跳转</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/toJumpPage"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">toJumpPage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"跳转页面"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"page.jsp"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

</code></pre>
<p>注意：jsp放入webapp中</p>
<pre class=" language-jsp"><code class="language-jsp"><%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h2>Hello Spring MVC!</h2>
    </body>
</html>
</code></pre>
<h4 id="4-2-文本数据【了解】"><a href="#4-2-文本数据【了解】" class="headerlink" title="4.2 文本数据【了解】"></a>4.2 文本数据【了解】</h4><pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//响应文本数据</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//返回值为String类型，设置返回值为任意字符串信息，即可实现返回指定字符串信息，需要依赖@ResponseBody注解</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/toText"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">toText</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"返回纯文本数据"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"response text"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h4 id="4-3-json数据【重点】"><a href="#4-3-json数据【重点】" class="headerlink" title="4.3 json数据【重点】"></a>4.3 json数据【重点】</h4><pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//响应POJO对象</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//返回值为实体类对象，设置返回值为实体类类型，即可实现返回对应对象的json数据，需要依赖@ResponseBody注解和@EnableWebMvc注解</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/toJsonPOJO"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> User <span class="token function">toJsonPOJO</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"返回json对象数据"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    User user <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    user<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"offcn"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    user<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> user<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//响应POJO集合对象</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//返回值为集合对象，设置返回值为集合类型，即可实现返回对应集合的json数组数据，需要依赖@ResponseBody注解和@EnableWebMvc注解</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/toJsonList"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> List<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>User<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">toJsonList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"返回json集合数据"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    User user1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    user1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"帅哥"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    user1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    User user2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    user2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"美女"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    user2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">12</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    List<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>User<span class="token operator">></span> userList <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ArrayList</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>User<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    userList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>user1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    userList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>user2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">return</span> userList<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>==注意：需要添加jackson-databind依赖以及在SpringMvcConfig配置类上添加@EnableWebMvc注解==</strong></p>
<h2 id="三、REST风格"><a href="#三、REST风格" class="headerlink" title="三、REST风格"></a>三、REST风格</h2><h3 id="1-REST简介"><a href="#1-REST简介" class="headerlink" title="1 REST简介"></a>1 REST简介</h3><h4 id="问题导入-7"><a href="#问题导入-7" class="headerlink" title="问题导入"></a>问题导入</h4><p>Rest风格使用了几种请求方式定义访问行为？</p>
<h4 id="1-1-REST介绍"><a href="#1-1-REST介绍" class="headerlink" title="1.1 REST介绍"></a>1.1 REST介绍</h4><ul>
<li>REST（Representational State Transfer），表现形式状态转换<ul>
<li>传统风格资源描述形式<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost/user/getById?id=1">http://localhost/user/getById?id=1</a><br>  <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost/user/saveUser">http://localhost/user/saveUser</a></li>
<li>REST风格描述形式<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost/user/1">http://localhost/user/1</a><br>  <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost/users">http://localhost/users</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>优点：<ul>
<li>隐藏资源的访问行为，无法通过地址得知对资源是何种操作</li>
<li>书写简化</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="1-2-RESTful介绍"><a href="#1-2-RESTful介绍" class="headerlink" title="1.2 RESTful介绍"></a>1.2 RESTful介绍</h4><ul>
<li>按照REST风格访问资源时使用==行为动作==区分对资源进行了何种操作<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost/users">http://localhost/users</a>		查询全部用户信息	（查询）<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost/users/1">http://localhost/users/1</a>		查询指定用户信息（查询）<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost/users">http://localhost/users</a>		添加用户信息（新增/保存）<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost/users">http://localhost/users</a>		修改用户信息（修改/更新）<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost/users/1">http://localhost/users/1</a>		删除用户信息（删除）</li>
<li>根据REST风格对资源进行访问称为RESTful</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="1-3-注意事项"><a href="#1-3-注意事项" class="headerlink" title="1.3 注意事项"></a>1.3 注意事项</h4><ul>
<li>上述行为是约定方式，约定不是规范，可以打破，所以称REST风格，而不是REST规范</li>
<li>描述模块的名称通常使用复数，也就是加s的格式描述，表示此类资源，而非单个资源，例如：users、books、accounts……</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-RESTful入门案例"><a href="#2-RESTful入门案例" class="headerlink" title="2 RESTful入门案例"></a>2 RESTful入门案例</h3><h4 id="问题导入-8"><a href="#问题导入-8" class="headerlink" title="问题导入"></a>问题导入</h4><p>Rest风格如何通过路径传递参数？</p>
<h4 id="2-1-快速入门"><a href="#2-1-快速入门" class="headerlink" title="2.1 快速入门"></a>2.1 快速入门</h4><blockquote>
<p>做法：在Controller中定义方法时设定”http请求动作(请求方式)”和”设定请求参数（路径变量）”</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Controller</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">UserController</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//设置当前请求方法为POST，表示REST风格中的添加操作</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"/users"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>method <span class="token operator">=</span> RequestMethod<span class="token punctuation">.</span>POST<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">save</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user save..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'user save'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//设置当前请求方法为DELETE，表示REST风格中的删除操作</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//@PathVariable注解用于设置路径变量（路径参数），要求路径上设置对应的占位符，并且占位符名称与方法形参名称相同</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"/users/{id}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>method <span class="token operator">=</span> RequestMethod<span class="token punctuation">.</span>DELETE<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@PathVariable</span> Integer id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user delete..."</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'user delete'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//设置当前请求方法为PUT，表示REST风格中的修改操作</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"/users"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>method <span class="token operator">=</span> RequestMethod<span class="token punctuation">.</span>PUT<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestBody</span> User user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user update..."</span><span class="token operator">+</span>user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'user update'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//设置当前请求方法为GET，表示REST风格中的查询操作</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//@PathVariable注解用于设置路径变量（路径参数），要求路径上设置对应的占位符，并且占位符名称与方法形参名称相同</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"/users/{id}"</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>method <span class="token operator">=</span> RequestMethod<span class="token punctuation">.</span>GET<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@PathVariable</span> Integer id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user getById..."</span><span class="token operator">+</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'user getById'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//设置当前请求方法为GET，表示REST风格中的查询操作</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"/users"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>method <span class="token operator">=</span> RequestMethod<span class="token punctuation">.</span>GET<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@ResponseBody</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user getAll..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'user getAll'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h4 id="2-2-PathVariable介绍"><a href="#2-2-PathVariable介绍" class="headerlink" title="2.2 @PathVariable介绍"></a>2.2 @PathVariable介绍</h4><ul>
<li>名称：@PathVariable</li>
<li>类型：形参注解</li>
<li>位置：SpringMVC控制器方法形参定义前面</li>
<li>作用：绑定路径参数与处理器方法形参间的关系，要求路径参数名与形参名一一对应</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805120253164.png" alt="image-20210805120253164"></p>
<h4 id="2-3-RequestBody、-RequestParam、-PathVariable区别和应用"><a href="#2-3-RequestBody、-RequestParam、-PathVariable区别和应用" class="headerlink" title="2.3 @RequestBody、@RequestParam、@PathVariable区别和应用"></a>2.3 @RequestBody、@RequestParam、@PathVariable区别和应用</h4><ul>
<li>区别<br>@RequestParam用于接收url地址传参或表单传参<br>@RequestBody用于接收json数据<br>@PathVariable用于接收路径参数，使用{参数名称}描述路径参数</li>
<li>应用<br>后期开发中，发送请求参数超过1个时，以json格式为主，@RequestBody应用较广<br>如果发送非json格式数据，选用@RequestParam接收请求参数<br>采用RESTful进行开发，当参数数量较少时，例如1个，可以采用@PathVariable接收请求路径变量，通常用于传递id值</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-REST快速开发【重点】"><a href="#3-REST快速开发【重点】" class="headerlink" title="3 REST快速开发【重点】"></a>3 REST快速开发【重点】</h3><h4 id="3-1-代码中的问题"><a href="#3-1-代码中的问题" class="headerlink" title="3.1 代码中的问题"></a>3.1 代码中的问题</h4><p><img src="https://notes-hub.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora_images/image-20210805132351738.png" alt="image-20210805132351738"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>以上截图中的代码和我们之前写的UserController中的方法类似，其中图中两个方法都有三处是有问题的，可以进行优化。存在的问题如下：</p>
</blockquote>
<p>问题1：每个方法的@RequestMapping注解中都定义了访问路径/books，重复性太高。</p>
<p>问题2：每个方法的@RequestMapping注解中都要使用method属性定义请求方式，重复性太高。</p>
<p>问题3：每个方法响应json都需要加上@ResponseBody注解，重复性太高。</p>
<h4 id="3-2-Rest快速开发"><a href="#3-2-Rest快速开发" class="headerlink" title="3.2 Rest快速开发"></a>3.2 Rest快速开发</h4><blockquote>
<p>解决以上三个问题</p>
</blockquote>
<p>解决问题1：在Controller类上使用@RequestMapping定义共同的访问路径。</p>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Controller</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/books"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">BookController</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>method <span class="token operator">=</span> RequestMethod<span class="token punctuation">.</span>POST<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">save</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestBody</span> Book book<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"book save..."</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> book<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'book save'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"/{id}"</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>method <span class="token operator">=</span> RequestMethod<span class="token punctuation">.</span>DELETE<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@PathVariable</span> Integer id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"book delete..."</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'book delete'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>method <span class="token operator">=</span> RequestMethod<span class="token punctuation">.</span>PUT<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestBody</span> Book book<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"book update..."</span><span class="token operator">+</span>book<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'book update'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"/{id}"</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>method <span class="token operator">=</span> RequestMethod<span class="token punctuation">.</span>GET<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@PathVariable</span> Integer id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"book getById..."</span><span class="token operator">+</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'book getById'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>method <span class="token operator">=</span> RequestMethod<span class="token punctuation">.</span>GET<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"book getAll..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'book getAll'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>解决问题2：使用@GetMapping  @PostMapping  @PutMapping  @DeleteMapping代替@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.XXX)</p>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@Controller</span>   
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/books"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">BookController</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//    @RequestMapping( method = RequestMethod.POST)</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@PostMapping</span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//使用@PostMapping简化Post请求方法对应的映射配置</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">save</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestBody</span> Book book<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"book save..."</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> book<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'book save'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.DELETE)</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@DeleteMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/{id}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//使用@DeleteMapping简化DELETE请求方法对应的映射配置</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@PathVariable</span> Integer id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"book delete..."</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'book delete'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.PUT)</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@PutMapping</span>   <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//使用@PutMapping简化Put请求方法对应的映射配置</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestBody</span> Book book<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"book update..."</span><span class="token operator">+</span>book<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'book update'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@GetMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/{id}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//使用@GetMapping简化GET请求方法对应的映射配置</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token annotation punctuation">@PathVariable</span> Integer id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"book getById..."</span><span class="token operator">+</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'book getById'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@GetMapping</span>      <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//使用@GetMapping简化GET请求方法对应的映射配置</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"book getAll..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"{'module':'book getAll'}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>名称：@GetMapping  @PostMapping  @PutMapping  @DeleteMapping</li>
<li>类型：方法注解</li>
<li>位置：基于SpringMVC的RESTful开发控制器方法定义上方</li>
<li>作用：设置当前控制器方法请求访问路径与请求动作，每种对应一个请求动作，例如@GetMapping对应GET请求</li>
<li>属性：<br>value（默认）：请求访问路径</li>
</ul>
<p>解决问题3：在Controller类上使用@RestController注解，等同于@Controller与@ResponseBody两个注解组合功能</p>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token annotation punctuation">@RestController</span>     <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//使用@RestController注解替换@Controller与@ResponseBody注解，简化书写</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@RequestMapping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/books"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">BookController</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//方法省略了没写</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>名称：@RestController</li>
<li>类型：类注解</li>
<li>位置：基于SpringMVC的RESTful开发控制器类定义上方</li>
<li>作用：设置当前控制器类为RESTful风格，等同于@Controller与@ResponseBody两个注解组合功能</li>
</ul>

                
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                    };
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                var $resultContent = document.getElementById(content_id);
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                    var keywords = this.value.trim().toLowerCase().split(/[\s\-]+/);
                    $resultContent.innerHTML = "";
                    if (this.value.trim().length <= 0) {
                        return;
                    }
                    // perform local searching
                    datas.forEach(function (data) {
                        var isMatch = true;
                        var data_title = data.title.trim().toLowerCase();
                        var data_content = data.content.trim().replace(/<[^>]+>/g, "").toLowerCase();
                        var data_url = data.url;
                        data_url = data_url.indexOf('/') === 0 ? data.url : '/' + data_url;
                        var index_title = -1;
                        var index_content = -1;
                        var first_occur = -1;
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                            keywords.forEach(function (keyword, i) {
                                index_title = data_title.indexOf(keyword);
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                                if (index_title < 0 && index_content < 0) {
                                    isMatch = false;
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                            if (first_occur >= 0) {
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                                    var regS = new RegExp(keyword, "gi");
                                    match_content = match_content.replace(regS, "<em class=\"search-keyword\">" + keyword + "</em>");
                                });

                                str += "<p class=\"search-result\">" + match_content + "...</p>"
                            }
                            str += "</li>";
                        }
                    });
                    str += "</ul>";
                    $resultContent.innerHTML = str;
                });
            }
        });
    };

    searchFunc('/search.xml', 'searchInput', 'searchResult');
});
</script>

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